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15. Winged sphinxes, griffins

The winged sphinxes have been segregated from the wingless sphinxes which are purely Egyptian types. Several of the following, however, have strong Egyptian characteristics, as adopted in Phoenicia; others, generally simpler in treatment, are more Greek. The griffins are all of Egyptian type, without the Greek ears and mane, virtually 'falcon-headed', but they are winged.

A. More Greek than Levantine

Several seem to wear a cap or fillet. One stands over a African, a group deriving from Egypt but rendered more as archaic Greek.

West

15/1 Ibiza no. 153 (Ibiza 4445). BH;EXnb. Walking, paw raised, wearing disc and horns. III

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15/2 Ibiza no. 154 (Ibiza 6133). BL;EXCR. Seated, with pointed cap. III

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15/3 Cagliari 361, from Tharros. Anecd pl. 25.B16; OrAnt 23 (1984) pl. 8.1 (Acquaro); Hölbl, Sard no.212. BH; in modern gold mount and hoop B. Seated, paw raised; branch below. III

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15/4 Cagliari 9561 (Spano 81), from Tharros. Ebers, pl. G 56; Hölbl, Sard no. 222. Seated, paw raised; arrow in front. III

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15/5 Cagliari 9506 (Spano 68), from Tharros. Ebers, pl. G 57; Marmora, pl. B 106; Hölbl, Sard no. 210. BH. Seated, paw raised. Flower (?) in front. III

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15/6 Cagliari 9526, from Tharros. OrAnt 23 (1984) pl. 7.4 (Acquaro). BH. Summary; wears disc.

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15/7 Tharros pl. 62b (BM ANE 133611), London no. 380. Hölbl, Sard no. 214. BL;EXnb. Seated. III

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15/8 Monte Sirai II, pl. 49.3, 121, no. 104, tomb 11; Saggi Fenici I, pl. 5.5 (Bondi); Hölbl, Sard no. 223; Studia Punica 10 (1996) fig. 8.5 (Moscati). BH. Walking. IV

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15/9 Ibiza no. 94. Drouot-Montaigne Sale (de Sevres Collection) 22.4.01, no.35. BH. Stands with paw raised over the prostrate body of a African who looks up. I

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15/10 Carthage no. 572. BL. Seated. IV

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15/11 Carthage no. 573. BL;EXnb. Seated; bearded (?). I

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East

15/12 Munich no. 202, pl. 22 (A 1366), bought in Smyrna. Scaraboid or cut scarab. Seated, paw raised. Probably Greek.

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15/12A Malibu, Getty no. 102, from Asia Minor. BL. Seated; rudimentary uraeus in front. III

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Other

15/13 Geneva III, no. 183. Nunn no. 73. BH. Seated. IV

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15/14 New York no. 18, pl. 4. BH. Seated; tall jug in front. I Probably Greek.

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15/15 New York no. 19, pl. 4. BH. Seated, paw raised. I Probably Greek.

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15/16 Basel, Cahn. Cat. 3 (1991) no. 55. BL. Recumbent. III

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15/17 Switzerland, private (W/B no. 695). BL;EXV. Disc-crowned, seated before pillar. II

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15/18 Southesk I, A 16, pl. 1. BH; in Etruscan (?) gold mount with lion heads. BH. Walking, paw raised. III

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15/19 London no. 662. Quillard, no. 53, pl. 6b. BL; on a gold mount with twisted wire sides and a net over the scarab back, and hoop A with granulated terminals. Seated. II

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15/20 Copenhagen NM 2134, BH. Seated, paw raised over branch; disc in front. III

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B. More Levantine/Egyptian than Greek

The most basic have a seated sphinx with a uraeus in front; others are elaborated in an Egyptian manner.

West

15/21 Cagliari 19783 (Spano), from Tharros. Probably BAS 3, pl. 1.5; Ebers, pl. G 51; Hölbl, Sard no. 217 = 216?. BH;EXO. Seated, wearing shallow flat crown; apron. IV

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15/22 Cagliari 19787, from Tharros. BH. Seated; double crown; apron; before an incense-burner. V

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15/23 Cagliari 19785, from Tharros. BH;EXO. Seated; double crown; apron. V

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15/24 Cagliari 19784, from Tharros. BH;EXO. Seated; double crown; spread wings; apron. VI

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15/25 Cagliari 19782, from Tharros. BH. Walking; uraeus in front. III

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15/26 Cagliari 19781, from Tharros. BH. Seated; apron; spread wings; uraeus in front. III

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15/27 Cagliari 19780, from Tharros. Hölbl, Sard no. 221. BH. Seated; spread wings; double crown; apron.

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15/28 Cagliari 9526 (Spano 92), from Tharros. BH. Seated; disc crown; paw raised. III

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15/29 Cagliari 9494 (Spano 35), from Tharros. BH. Seated; disc crown; spread wings. III

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15/30 Spano Coll., from Tharros. Hölbl, Sard no. 211. Disc crown, with uraeus.

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15/31 From Caralis. Elena, pl. 9.8; Hölbl, Sard no. 220. BH. Standing; double crown.

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15/32 Chiera, Nora pl. 6.3. Hölbl, Sard no. 218. BL. Seated; double crown?

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15/33 Carthage no. 575. BH. Seated; uraeus in front. III

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East

15/34 Jerusalem IAA 73-131 (once Lefkowitz), from Akko. CSAPI I, no. 163. BH;EXO. Seated, with double crown and apron. V

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15/35 Paris, Bibl.Nat., de Clercq no. 2590, pl. 17, from Amrit. BL;EXnb. Seated; disc crown; ankh or pillar before. II/VI

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15/36 Paris, Bibl.Nat., de Clercq no. 2591, from Amrit. BL;EXO. Recumbent; disc crown; ? before. IV

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15/37 New York, Rosen 187, from Israel. BH;PB. Seated; disc-crowned; uraeus in front. II

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Other

15/38 Paris, BN, de Luynes 245. Aréthuse 5, pl. 7(8).6. Scaraboid; BH. Seated; uraeus before. III

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15/39 Oxford III, no. 496 (1941.1213). BH;EXnb. Standing; disc crown; uraeus before (crowned?). II

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15/40 London, Hay. BL. Seated; disc crown. II/VI

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15/41 London no. 290, pl. 6. BH. Seated, with Greek body type; double crown; pillar incense-burner before. III

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15/42 London, BM; Tassie, no. 147.

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15/43 Geneva I, no. 159, pl. 64. BL;EXnb. Seated wearing double crown, head turned back; spread wings.

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15/44 Munich no. 212, pl. 23, bought in Florence. BL;EX.. Seated; disc crown.

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C. With naiskos or boat

West

15/45 Cagliari 9498 (Spano 29), from Tharros. Ebers, pl. F 21; Bresciani 19, pl. 2c (Acquaro); Hölbl, Sard no. 224; Homenaje Blazquez II (1994) fig. 2. BL;EXnb. On a boat with disc-crowned papyrus terminals, simple naiskos with winged disc and uraei lintel; within, a recumbent sphinx with white crown (?) before an incense-burner. II/VI

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D. Winged griffins

West

15/46 Ibiza no. 156 (Barcelona 9377). BH.Seated, disc-crowned. III

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15/47 Cagliari 19789, from Tharros. BH;EXnb; with gold hoop A. Seated; disc crown; apron; before incense-burner. V

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15/48 Cagliari 9565 (Spano 91), from Tharros. ? Seated; double crown; apron?; uraeus in front.

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15/49 Cagliari 19786, from Tharros. BH. Seated; pillar and uraeus in front. III

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15/50 Chessa Coll., from Tharros. Ebers, pl. G 53. ? Seated; head unclear. IV

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15/51 Chessa Coll., from Tharros. Hölbl, Sard no. 227. Running.

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15/52 Monte Sirai I, pl. 52.2 (61/155); II, fig. 4. Saggi Fenici 1 (1975) pl. 5.4 (Bondi); Hölbl, Sard no. 225; Studia Punica 10 (1996) fig. 8.4 (Moscati). BH. Recumbent wearing double crown, over five stemmed lotus flowers. VI

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15/53 Carthage no. 571. BH. Seated. III

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15/54 Carthage no. 574. BH. Seated, with disc crown, lotus in front. III

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15/55 Carthage no. 576. BL. Standing. IV

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East

15/56 Syracuse (info Vollenweider). EXCR. Seated wearing double crown, paw raised; over a low cup-spiral plant. II/III

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15/57 Berlin no. 136, pl. 32 (F103), from Tamassos, grave 13. Reyes, no. 113. BL. Seated, wearing disc and uraeus crown; cartouche in front with scarab and disc crown with feathers; over nbw. III

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15/58 Jerusalem, Rockefeller IAA 34.422, from Tell abu Hawam. CSAPI I, no. 1. BL;EXCR. Seated; star behind, flower? in front. III

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15/59 London market. Christies 7.11.01, no. 385. BL. Walking. With Cypriot inscription o-?-lo? III

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Other

15/60 London BM ANE 103302; Tassie, no. 147. BL;EXV; elaborate beetle. Seated wearing double crown, doubled wing; djed pillar with disc in front. VI

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15/61 Geneva I, no. 158, pl. 64 (*). BL. Seated wearing disc crown; upright spear staff in front; over nbw.

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15/62 New York, Rosen 208. BL;EXCR. Recumbent; with plume? III

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15/63 London market. Christies 7.11.01, no. 386. 'Seated winged griffin holding an ankh-sign with disc above.' ? = Christies 14/15.5.02, no. 489, one Colville. BL;EXO. Seated with ankh before, disc-and-crescent above.

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15/64 Sternberg, Liste 8 (1996) no. 589; Aukt. 33 (1997) no. 1270; Syria 76 (1999) 271, fig. 63. BL;EXO. Seated wearing disc crown; tree (?) in front.

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Other materials

Type A

15/X1 From Carthage. Clay bulla. RM 100 (1993) pl. 62.8. BH. Seated, head turned back.

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Type B

West

15/X2 Tharros pl. 52d (BM ANE 133776), London no. 381. Hölbl, Sard no. 215. Blue-grey quartz. EXnb. Seated; double crown; incense-burner in front.

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15/X3 Como, Mus.Civ., from Tharros. RSF 6 (1978) pl. 7.3 (Pisano); AttiFP II, pl. 87.1; Hölbl, Sard no. 219. Cornelian. BL;EXZ; on gold hoop B. Spread wings; disc crown; seated on cup-palmette tree.

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Other

15/X4 London, Hay Coll. White chalcedony scaraboid. BL. Walking, aproned, with flower and uraeus in front, two crescents above, an ankh behind.

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Type D

West

15/X5 S. Carta Coll., from Tharros. Marmora, pl. A 37. Cornelian. BL. Seated; disc crown; spread wings; over nbw.

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15/X6 Carthage no. 661. Cornelian. BL;EXnb. Seated, pointed hat, uraeus in front.

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15/X7 Carthage no. 664. Cornelian. BL;EXCR. Seated, a flower in front; winged disc above; above that, a bird standing with spread wings; tendrils? behind.

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15/X8 Carthage no. 662. Cornelian. BL; in gold mount. Seated, with disc crown and apron, over nbw; single zigzag above.

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15/X9 Carthage no. 680. White veined stone. BL;EX?. Seated, head turned back, with disc crown, spread wings?

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15/X10 Carthage no. 681. Agate. BL;EXnb. Seated, with disc crown.

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East

15/X11 Paris, Bibl.Nat., de Clercq no. 2598, pl. 17. Onyx. BL;EXZ. Seated, double-crowned; ankh in front.

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Other

15/X12 Yale, Newell no. 537, pl. 33. Lapis lazuli. ? Seated; flower at border.

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15/X13 Oxford I, no. 86. Cornelian. BH;EXO;PB. Double-crowned, seated, with uraeus in front.

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